Land Telegraph
Keys, Sounders, Etc.

 

Hughes Telegraph Dumoulin - Froment a Paris Mid 19th Century Operated on the Paris - Milan line		Breguet Dial (ABC) Telegraph Transmitter (French) 1850 -1870 Breguet Dial (ABC) Telegraph Receiver (French) 1850 - 1870
Telegraphy Statue	Unknown Telegraph Key English Telegraph Key	Toy ABC Telegraph 4th Qtr 19th Century
Bunnell Telegraph Relay 1895	Western Electric 7A 1K Ohm Telegraph Sounder c. 1900 - 1920	Bunnell "Barclay Relay" (not sure of the date - Telegraph isn't my specialty!)
Radiguet & Massiot Telegraph Receiver
Bonderi Needle Telegraph Receiver (Italy) 2nd Half 19th Century Each letter of the alphabet is printed around the top edge, and has a corresponding coil of wire.  A character is sent by passing a current through the corresponding coil, creating a magnetic field which turns the needle to indicate which character is being sent. This device is one of a generation of telegraph devices invented before the development of Morse code.  The response of the needle is very slow and each alphabetic character requires a separate wire between the transmitter and receiver, or 26 wires in all.  "Needles" to say, (sorry) these early telegraphs were not very practical and saw little commercial use.